1918年,英國全國大選,部分在愛爾蘭地區當選的議員,拒絕前往倫敦就職,他們自組愛爾蘭議會,並宣稱獨立,英軍介入,引發獨立戰爭(Irish War of Independence)。
愛爾蘭人幾經奮戰及交涉 ,英國終於讓步。1921年,英方提出允許愛爾蘭32郡中其中26郡組成自治政府,主權仍歸英國,但擁有非常高的自主權,地位等同當年的澳洲、紐西蘭、加拿大等國。而剩下位於東北的6個郡仍歸英國領土。首相警告,這是英國政府底線,要不接受,要不告吹。由於當局態度強硬,獨立派的兵力也幾乎消耗殆盡了。另外,客觀上,北部新教徒居多,而且不少人也忠於英國皇室。最後,獨立派接受和談條款,雙方簽署《英愛和約》(Anglo-Irish Treaty),英國讓出愛爾蘭的26郡,「大不列顛及愛爾蘭聯合王國」(United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland)加一「北」字,成了「大不列顛及北愛爾蘭聯合王國」(United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland),這個名稱沿用至今。
Interesting Edward that the chocolates are still not open. Thanks for a good history lesson for me – there is still so much conflict between Norther Ireland and England with the catholics still wanting a united Ireland with all other traditional counties of Ireland.
People are getting less religious there days, yet you are right, Sue, conflicts still exists. Probably economic interests is the driving force behind. God knows what happens next. Nevertheless, all parties have learnt their lessons, they are willing to sit down and resolve their problems by open, frank and constructive negotiations.
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